Book 41: Agriculture and Share-cropping
Sahih al-Bukhari
Sahih al-Bukhari 2320
Qutaibah bin Sa'id narrated to us that Abu Awanah told us. (Another chain:) And Abdur Rahman bin Mubarak also narrated to me that Abu Awanah told us. He narrated from Qatadah, Qatadah from Hazrat Anas (ra), that he said: The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Whatever Muslim plants a plant or sows a field, and then a bird or a human being or an animal eats from it, this (field and tree) will become a means of reward for him.” And Muslim (bin Ibrahim Azdi) said to us: Aban (bin Yazid Attar) told us that Qatadah narrated to us that Hazrat Anas (ra) told us, narrating from the Prophet (saw).
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2321
Abdullah bin Yusuf narrated to us that Abdullah bin Salim Himsi told us that Muhammad bin Ziyad Alhani told us, narrating from Hazrat Abu Umamah Bahili (ra). Seeing a plough and some implements of farming, he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (saw). He (saw) used to say: “Into whatever people's house this (equipment) enters, Allah, the Exalted, will surely bring disgrace upon that people.” Muhammad (bin Ziyad) said: The name of Hazrat Abu Umamah (ra) is Sudayy bin Ajlan (ra).
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Mu'adh bin Fadalah narrated to us that Hisham told us. He narrated from Yahya bin Abi Kathir, Yahya from Abu Salamah, Abu Salamah from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra), that he said: The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Whoever keeps a dog, one Qirat will be reduced from his deeds every day, except a dog that is kept for the purpose of guarding crops or animals.” Ibn Sirin and Abu Salih, narrating from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra), Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra) from the Prophet (saw), said it like this: “Except a dog that is kept for guarding goats or crops, or for hunting.” Abu Hazim, narrating from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra), Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra) from the Prophet (saw), said this: “Except a dog that is kept for hunting or for guarding animals.”
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Abdullah bin Yusuf narrated to us that Malik told us. He narrated from Yazid bin Khusaifah that Sa'ib bin Yazid narrated to him that he heard Hazrat Sufyan bin Abi Zuhair (ra), who was a man of the Azd Shanu'ah tribe and one of the Companions of the Prophet (saw). He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (saw). He (saw) used to say: “Whoever keeps a dog that neither benefits him in farming nor in guarding goats, one Qirat will be reduced every day from the reward of his deeds.” I asked (Sufyan (ra)): Did you yourself hear this from the Messenger of Allah (saw)? He said: Yes, by the Lord of this mosque.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2324
Muhammad bin Bashshar told me. (He said:) Ghundar narrated to us. (Ghundar said:) Shu'bah told us. Shu'bah narrated from Sa'd bin Ibrahim bin Abdur Rahman bin Auf Zuhri. He said: I heard Abu Salamah. He narrated from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra), and Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra) from the Prophet (saw), that he said: “Once a man was riding along on an ox. Then the ox turned and looked at him and spoke thus: I have not been created for riding; rather I have been created for ploughing.” He (saw) said: “I, Abu Bakr (ra) and Umar (ra) believed it.” (Likewise he said:) “A wolf carried off a goat. The shepherd pursued it, and the wolf said to him: Who will be its guardian in the time of the beasts of prey, when it will have no keeper but me?” He (saw) said: “I, Abu Bakr (ra) and Umar (ra) believed it.” Abu Salamah used to say: Although the two of them (that is, Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) and Umar (ra)) were not in the gathering that day.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2325
Hakam bin Nafi' narrated to us that Shu'aib informed us. (He said:) Abuz Zinad told us. He narrated from A'raj, A'raj from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra). He said that the Ansar said to the Prophet (saw): Divide the date-palms between us and our brothers (the Emigrants). He (saw) said: “No.” Then the Ansar said (to the Emigrants): You do the labour in our place and we will make you partners in the fruit. They said: Very well. We accept.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2326
Musa bin Isma'il narrated to us that Juwairiyah told us. He narrated from Nafi', Nafi' from Hazrat Abdullah (bin Umar) (ra), he from the Prophet (saw), that he (saw) had the date-palms of Banu Nadir burnt and cut down, and that garden was called the garden of Buwairah. So about it there is the verse of Hazrat Hassan (ra): The fire that blazed on every side in the garden of Buwairah was a trifling matter for the chiefs of Banu Lu'ayy.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2327
Muhammad bin Muqatil narrated to us that Abdullah (bin Mubarak) informed us. Yahya bin Sa'id told us. He narrated from Hanzalah bin Qais Ansari that he heard Hazrat Rafi' bin Khadij (ra). He used to say: Of the people of Medina we had the most fields, which we used to give out for sharecropping on the condition that the produce of a specified part of the land would be for the owner of the land. He used to say that sometimes it happened that this part was ruined while the rest of the land remained safe, and sometimes it happened that all the rest of the land was ruined while this part remained safe. Therefore we were forbidden (this). (Leasing in exchange for) gold and silver was not customary in those days.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2328
Ibrahim bin Mundhir narrated to us that Anas bin Iyad told us. He narrated from Ubaidullah (Umari), he from Nafi', that Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (ra) told him: The Prophet (saw) had given the land of Khaibar (to the Jews) on the condition of receiving half the produce, whether fruit or grain. Then he (saw) used to give his wives a hundred Wasq: eighty Wasq of dates and twenty Wasq of barley. When Hazrat Umar (ra) (in the time of his Khilafat, after expelling the Jews) divided the land of Khaibar, he gave the wives of the Prophet (saw) the choice that, if they wished, Umar (ra) would give them a share of the land and water (and they would manage the cultivation themselves), or they would continue to receive produce as they had received it before. Some of the Pure Wives chose the land and some the Wasq, and Hazrat Aishah (ra) chose to take the land.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2329
Musaddad narrated to us that Yahya bin Sa'id told us. He narrated from Ubaidullah that Nafi' told me. He reported from Hazrat Ibn Umar (ra). He used to say: The Prophet (saw) made a sharecropping arrangement for the lands of Khaibar on the condition of half the produce, whether fruit or grain.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2330
Ali bin Abdullah narrated to us that Sufyan (bin Uyainah) told us that Amr (bin Dinar) used to say: I said to Tawus: It would be better if you gave up sharecropping, because people say that the Prophet (saw) forbade it. Tawus said: Amr, I give people land and benefit them, and the most knowledgeable of the Companions, that is, Hazrat Ibn Abbas (ra), told me that the Prophet (saw) did not forbid it. Rather he said: “If one of you gives his brother land just like that, free of charge, it is better than his taking a fixed levy from it.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2331
Muhammad bin Muqatil narrated to us that Abdullah (bin Mubarak) informed us. Ubaidullah told us. He narrated from Nafi', Nafi' from Hazrat Ibn Umar (ra), that the Messenger of Allah (saw) had given Khaibar (its land) to the Jews on the condition that they would labour on it and cultivate it, and half of the produce would be theirs.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2332
Sadaqah bin Fadl narrated to us that (Sufyan) bin Uyainah told us. He narrated from Yahya (bin Sa'id Ansari) that he heard Hanzalah Zuraqi. He narrated from Hazrat Rafi' (bin Khadij) (ra). He said: Of the people of Medina we had the most fields, and one of us would rent out his land and say (to the one renting it): This plot (of land) is mine and this is yours. Then sometimes it happened that this piece gave produce and that piece did not give produce. Therefore the Prophet (saw) forbade them this method.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2333
Ibrahim bin Mundhir told us. Abu Damrah narrated to us that Musa bin Uqbah told us. He narrated from Nafi', Nafi' from Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (ra), he from the Prophet (saw), that he said: “Once three men were walking along when rain overtook them, so they took shelter in a cave in a mountain. A rock from that mountain fell on the mouth of the cave and shut them inside the cave. Then they began to say to one another: Look at your good deeds which you have done for Allah, and pray to Allah through them; perhaps He will remove it (the rock) from you (and grant deliverance). One of them said: O my Allah, my parents were very old and I had small children. I used to graze animals (to provide) for them. When I came home in the evening, I would begin the milk with my parents, giving it to them to drink before my children. And one day I was late. I came home after evening had fallen and found them asleep. I milked as I used to milk and stood at their heads. I disliked waking them, and I also disliked giving the children (first) to drink, although the children were crying with hunger at my feet. In this state the morning came. If You know that I did this for Your pleasure, then open a way for us through which we may see the sky. Allah, the Exalted, opened some way, and they saw the sky. And the second said: O my Allah, I had a cousin, the daughter of my paternal uncle, whom I loved as much as men can love women. I sought union with her. She did not agree unless I brought her a hundred gold coins. I strove and gathered the gold coins. When I sat between her two feet, she said: O servant of Allah, fear Allah and open this seal only in a lawful way. I stood up. O Allah, if You know that I did this deed for Your sake, then make a way for us by removing this rock. So the rock moved a little more. And the third said: O my Allah, I hired a man as a labourer for one Faraq of rice. When he had finished his work, he said: Give me my due. I offered it to him. He did not accept it. I kept farming with that rice until from it I gathered cows, oxen and their herdsmen. After some time he came to me and said: Fear Allah (and give me my wage). I said: Go to these cows and oxen and their herdsmen and take charge of them. He said: Fear Allah. Do not mock me. I replied: I am not mocking you. Take them. So he took them. (O Allah,) if You know that I did this deed for Your sake, then remove what (of the rock) remains as well. So Allah removed it.” Abu Abdullah (Imam Bukhari (rh)) said: Isma'il bin Ibrahim bin Uqbah narrated from Nafi' the word sa'aitu in place of baghaitu.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2334
Sadaqah (bin Fadl) narrated to us that Abdur Rahman (bin Mahdi) told us. He narrated from Malik, Malik from Zaid bin Aslam, Zaid from his father. He used to say: Hazrat Umar (ra) said: Were it not for the thought of the Muslims who are yet to come, I would divide every town that I conquer among its conquerors alone, just as the Prophet (saw) divided Khaibar.
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Yahya bin Bukair narrated to us that Laith (bin Sa'd) told us. He narrated from Ubaidullah bin Abi Ja'far, Ubaidullah from Muhammad bin Abdur Rahman, he from Urwah, Urwah from Hazrat Aishah (ra), Hazrat Aishah (ra) from the Prophet (saw), that he said: “Whoever cultivates land that is not owned by anyone has the greater right to it.” Urwah said: Hazrat Umar (ra) gave the same decision in his Khilafat.
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Qutaibah (bin Sa'id) narrated to us that Isma'il bin Ja'far told us. He narrated from Musa bin Uqbah, Musa from Salim bin Abdullah bin Umar, he from his father (Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar) (ra). When the Prophet (saw) had halted at night in the hollow of the watercourse at Dhul Hulaifah, a scene was shown to him (saw) in a dream, and it was said to him (saw): You are in a blessed valley. Musa (bin Uqbah) said: Salim made our camels kneel at the very place where Hazrat Abdullah (bin Umar (ra)) used to make them kneel. He used to seek out the very place where the Messenger of Allah (saw) had halted at night, and it is below the mosque that is in the hollow of the watercourse, exactly midway between the mosque and the road.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2337
Ishaq bin Ibrahim narrated to us that Shu'aib bin Ishaq told us. He narrated from Auza'i. He said: Yahya (bin Abi Kathir) told me. He narrated from Ikrimah, Ikrimah from Hazrat Ibn Abbas (ra), he from Hazrat Umar (ra), Hazrat Umar (ra) from the Prophet (saw), that he said: “Tonight one came to me from my Lord.” He (saw) was at that time in the valley of Aqiq. “(He said:) Pray in this blessed valley and say: There will be Umrah along with Hajj.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2338
Ahmad bin Miqdam told us that Fudail bin Sulaiman narrated to us that Musa (bin Uqbah) told us that Nafi' informed us that it is narrated from Hazrat Ibn Umar (ra). He said: The Messenger of Allah (saw) had intended. (Another chain:) And Abdur Razzaq also said: Ibn Juraij informed us, he said: Musa bin Uqbah told me. He narrated from Nafi', Nafi' from Hazrat Ibn Umar (ra), that Hazrat Umar bin Khattab (ra) had exiled the Jews and the Christians from the Hijaz, and when the Messenger of Allah (saw) prevailed over Khaibar, he (saw) had intended to expel the Jews from Khaibar. And when he (saw) prevailed over it, its land had become the property of Allah, His Messenger (saw) and the Muslims, and he (saw) wanted to expel the Jews from it. So the Jews requested the Messenger of Allah (saw) to let them stay there on the condition that they would labour on that land and half of the produce would be theirs. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said to them: “We let you stay on it as long as we wish.” So they stayed there until Hazrat Umar (ra) exiled them to Taima' and Ariha'.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 2339
Muhammad bin Muqatil narrated to us that Abdullah (bin Mubarak) informed us that Auza'i told us. He narrated from Abun Najashi, who was the freed slave of Rafi' bin Khadij. (He said:) I heard Hazrat Rafi' bin Khadij bin Rafi' (ra). He narrated from his paternal uncle Hazrat Zuhair bin Rafi' (ra). Zuhair said: The Messenger of Allah (saw) forbade us something that was beneficial for us. I said: Whatever the Messenger of Allah (saw) said was right. Zuhair said: The Messenger of Allah (saw) called me. He (saw) asked: “What do you do with your fields?” I said: We lease them out on the condition that the produce near the water channels will be ours, and in dates and barley at the rate of a few Wasq. He (saw) said: “Do not do so. Cultivate them yourselves, or have them cultivated, or leave them unused.” Hazrat Rafi' (ra) used to say: I said: I have heard, and so it shall be.
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