Book 50: Contracts of Self-purchase by Slaves

Sahih al-Bukhari

Sahih al-Bukhari 2560

وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ إِنَّ بَرِيرَةَ دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا تَسْتَعِينُهَا فِي كِتَابَتِهَا وَعَلَيْهَا خَمْسَةُ أَوَاقٍ نُجِّمَتْ عَلَيْهَا فِي خَمْسِ سِنِينَ فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ وَنَفِسَتْ فِيهَا أَرَأَيْتِ إِنْ عَدَدْتُ لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً أَيَبِيعُكِ أَهْلُكِ فَأُعْتِقَكِ فَيَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لِي فَذَهَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فَعَرَضَتْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالُوا لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَنَا الْوَلاَءُ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ. فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " اشْتَرِيهَا فَأَعْتِقِيهَا فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ". ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ " مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهْوَ بَاطِلٌ شَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْثَقُ ".

And Laith said that Yunus told me. It is narrated from Ibn Shihab that Urwah said: Hazrat Aishah (ra) used to say: Barirah (ra) came to her seeking help regarding her contract of emancipation (Mukatabah), and she had to pay five Uqiyahs of silver, which were to be paid in instalments over five years, and Hazrat Aishah (ra) wished to have her freed. She said (to Barirah (ra)): If I count it out and pay it to them all at once, will your owners sell you to me, so that I buy you and free you, and the right to your inheritance (Wala') will be mine? So Barirah (ra) went to her owners and put this proposal before them. They said: Certainly not; rather this right of inheritance will be ours. Hazrat Aishah (ra) used to say: On hearing this I went to the Messenger of Allah (saw) and mentioned it to him (saw), and the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Buy her and free her, for the right of inheritance belongs to the one who frees.” After this the Messenger of Allah (saw) stood up and said: “What is the state of those people who make conditions that are not in the Book of Allah? Whoever makes a condition that is not in the Book of Allah, that condition is void. The condition of Allah alone is more worthy of being acted upon and more lasting.”

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Sahih al-Bukhari 2561

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ جَاءَتْ تَسْتَعِينُهَا فِي كِتَابَتِهَا وَلَمْ تَكُنْ قَضَتْ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهَا شَيْئًا قَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ ارْجِعِي إِلَى أَهْلِكِ فَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَنْ أَقْضِيَ عَنْكِ كِتَابَتَكِ وَيَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لِي فَعَلْتُ. فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ بَرِيرَةُ لأَهْلِهَا فَأَبَوْا وَقَالُوا إِنْ شَاءَتْ أَنْ تَحْتَسِبَ عَلَيْكِ فَلْتَفْعَلْ وَيَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لَنَا فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " ابْتَاعِي فَأَعْتِقِي فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ". قَالَ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ " مَا بَالُ أُنَاسٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ وَإِنْ شَرَطَ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ شَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْثَقُ ".

Qutaibah narrated to us that Laith told us. He narrated from Ibn Shihab, Ibn Shihab from Urwah. Hazrat Aishah (ra) told him that Barirah (ra) came and asked her for help with her contract of emancipation (Mukatabah), and she had not yet paid anything of her Mukatabah. Hazrat Aishah (ra) said to her: Go back to your owners; if they like that I pay the Mukatabah on your behalf and that the right to your inheritance (Wala') be mine, then I will pay it. Barirah (ra) mentioned this to her owners, but they refused and said: If Hazrat Aishah (ra) wishes to do you a favour for the pleasure of Allah, let her do so, but your right of inheritance will be ours. Hazrat Aishah (ra) mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (saw), and the Messenger of Allah (saw) said to her: “Buy Barirah (ra) and free her, for the right of inheritance belongs to the one who has freed.” She said: After this the Messenger of Allah (saw) stood up (to deliver an address). He (saw) said: “What is the state of people that they make conditions that are not in the Book of Allah? Whoever makes a condition that is not in the Book of Allah cannot derive any benefit from it, even if he makes the condition a hundred times. The condition of Allah alone is more worthy (of being acted upon) and it is firmer.”

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Sahih al-Bukhari 2562

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ أَرَادَتْ عَائِشَةُ أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ جَارِيَةً لِتُعْتِقَهَا فَقَالَ أَهْلُهَا عَلَى أَنَّ وَلاَءَهَا لَنَا. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " لاَ يَمْنَعُكِ ذَلِكِ فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ".

Abdullah bin Yusuf narrated to us that Malik told us. He narrated from Nafi', Nafi' from Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (ra), that he said: Hazrat Aishah (ra) intended to buy a slave-girl (for the purpose) of freeing her; the owners of that slave-girl said: Her right of inheritance (Wala') will remain ours. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said (to Hazrat Aishah (ra)): “Let this statement (of theirs) not stop you, for the right of inheritance belongs to the one who frees.”

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Sahih al-Bukhari 2563

حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ قَالَتْ جَاءَتْ بَرِيرَةُ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ وَقِيَّةٌ فَأَعِينِينِي. فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَأُعْتِقَكِ فَعَلْتُ وَيَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لِي. فَذَهَبَتْ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فَأَبَوْا ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي قَدْ عَرَضْتُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلاَءُ لَهُمْ. فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَسَأَلَنِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ " خُذِيهَا فَأَعْتِقِيهَا وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلاَءَ فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ". قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي النَّاسِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ " أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَمَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ مِنْكُمْ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَأَيُّمَا شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهْوَ بَاطِلٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ فَقَضَاءُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَشَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَوْثَقُ مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ مِنْكُمْ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمْ أَعْتِقْ يَا فُلاَنُ وَلِيَ الْوَلاَءُ إِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ".

Ubaid bin Isma'il narrated to us that Abu Usamah told us. He narrated from Hisham (bin Urwah), Hisham from his father, his father from Hazrat Aishah (ra). She used to say that Barirah (ra) came and said: I have made a contract of emancipation (Mukatabah) with my owners for nine (9) Uqiyahs of silver. I have to pay one Uqiyah every year. So please help me. Hazrat Aishah (ra) said: If your owners agree that I count it out and pay it to them all at once and free you, then I will pay it, and your right of inheritance (Wala') will be mine. She went to her owners, but they did not accept this proposal of hers. She said (to Hazrat Aishah (ra)): I put this proposal before them, but they have refused, unless the right of inheritance be theirs. The Messenger of Allah (saw) heard this and asked me, and I related (the whole incident) to him (saw). He (saw) said: “Buy her and free her, and agree with them on the condition of the right of inheritance. The right of inheritance will belong only to the one who has freed.” Hazrat Aishah (ra) used to say: Then the Messenger of Allah (saw) stood up among the people (to deliver an address), and he (saw) praised Allah and extolled Him. Then he (saw) said: “To proceed: what has happened to some men among you that they make conditions that are not in the Book of Allah? Every condition that is not in the Book of Allah is void, even if there be a hundred conditions. The command of Allah alone is more worthy (of being acted upon), and the condition of Allah alone is firmer. What is the state of some of you, that one of them says: ‘Free so-and-so, and the right of inheritance will be mine.’ The right of inheritance will belong only to the one who frees.”

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Sahih al-Bukhari 2564

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ جَاءَتْ تَسْتَعِينُ عَائِشَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ فَقَالَتْ لَهَا إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَصُبَّ لَهُمْ ثَمَنَكِ صَبَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَأُعْتِقَكِ فَعَلْتُ. فَذَكَرَتْ بَرِيرَةُ ذَلِكَ لأَهْلِهَا فَقَالُوا لاَ. إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لَنَا. قَالَ مَالِكٌ قَالَ يَحْيَى فَزَعَمَتْ عَمْرَةُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ " اشْتَرِيهَا وَأَعْتِقِيهَا فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ".

Abdullah bin Yusuf narrated to us that Malik told us. He narrated from Yahya bin Sa'id (Ansari), Yahya from Amrah bint Abdur Rahman, that Barirah (ra) came. She began to ask Hazrat Aishah (ra), the Mother of the Believers, for help, and Hazrat Aishah (ra) said to her: If your owners agree that I lay down your price before them all at once and free you, I will do it. Barirah (ra) mentioned this to her owners, and they said: No, except on the condition that the right of inheritance (Wala') (to you) will be ours. Malik used to say that Yahya said: Amrah used to say that Hazrat Aishah (ra) mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (saw), and he (saw) said: “Buy her and free her. The right of inheritance belongs only to the one who has freed.”

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Sahih al-Bukhari 2565

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَيْمَنَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي أَيْمَنُ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ فَقُلْتُ كُنْتُ غُلاَمًا لِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَمَاتَ وَوَرِثَنِي بَنُوهُ وَإِنَّهُمْ بَاعُونِي مِنَ ابْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو فَأَعْتَقَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو وَاشْتَرَطَ بَنُو عُتْبَةَ الْوَلاَءَ. فَقَالَتْ دَخَلَتْ بَرِيرَةُ وَهْىَ مُكَاتَبَةٌ فَقَالَتِ اشْتَرِينِي وَأَعْتِقِينِي. قَالَتْ نَعَمْ. قَالَتْ لاَ يَبِيعُونِي حَتَّى يَشْتَرِطُوا وَلاَئِي. فَقَالَتْ لاَ حَاجَةَ لِي بِذَلِكَ. فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَوْ بَلَغَهُ فَذَكَرَ لِعَائِشَةَ فَذَكَرَتْ عَائِشَةُ مَا قَالَتْ لَهَا فَقَالَ " اشْتَرِيهَا وَأَعْتِقِيهَا وَدَعِيهِمْ يَشْتَرِطُونَ مَا شَاءُوا ". فَاشْتَرَتْهَا عَائِشَةُ فَأَعْتَقَتْهَا وَاشْتَرَطَ أَهْلُهَا الْوَلاَءَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ وَإِنِ اشْتَرَطُوا مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ ".

Abu Nu'aim told us that Abdul Wahid bin Aiman narrated to us. He said: My father Aiman narrated to me. He used to say: I went to Hazrat Aishah (ra) and said: I was the slave of Utbah, the son of Abu Lahab, and he died. His sons became my heirs, and they sold me to (Abdullah) bin Abi Amr. {Then Ibn Abi Amr freed me} and the sons of Utbah had made the condition of the right of inheritance (Wala'). (Hazrat Aishah (ra)) said: Barirah (ra) came to me, and she was a Mukatab (a slave with a contract of emancipation), and she said: Buy me and free me. Hazrat Aishah (ra) said: Very well. Barirah (ra) said: They will not sell me unless they get the condition of the right to my inheritance accepted (for themselves). (Hazrat Aishah (ra)) said: I have no need to buy her on that condition. The Prophet (saw) heard this, or it reached him (saw). He (saw) mentioned it to Hazrat Aishah (ra), and Hazrat Aishah (ra) related what Barirah (ra) had said. He (saw) said: “Buy her and free her, and let them make whatever conditions they want.” So Hazrat Aishah (ra) bought her and freed her, and her owners had made the condition of the right of inheritance. The Prophet (saw) said: “The right of inheritance belongs only to the one who frees, even if the owners make a hundred conditions.”

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