Book 84: Atonement for Oaths
Sahih al-Bukhari
Sahih al-Bukhari 6708
وَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ عَوْنٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ صِيَامُ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَالنُّسُكُ شَاةٌ وَالْمَسَاكِينُ سِتَّةٌ.
Ahmad bin Yunus narrated to us that Abu Shihab (Abd Rabbih bin Nafi) told us. He narrated from (Abdullah) Ibn Aun, Ibn Aun from Mujahid, Mujahid from Abdur Rahman bin Abi Laila, Abdur Rahman from Hazrat Ka'b bin Ujrah (ra). He said: I came to him, that is, to the Prophet (saw). He (saw) said: “Come closer.” So I came closer. He (saw) asked: “Are your lice troubling you?” I said: “Yes.” He (saw) said: “A ransom (Fidyah) will have to be given, by fasting or by charity (Sadaqah) or by a sacrifice.” And Ibn Aun told me, narrating from Ayyub, that he said: The fasting is for three days, the sacrifice is of one goat, and the poor who are to be fed should be six.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6709
Ali bin Abdullah narrated to us that Sufyan (bin Uyainah) told us. He narrated from Zuhri. He said: I heard this hadith from the mouth of Zuhri. He narrated from Humaid bin Abdur Rahman, Humaid from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra). Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra) said: A man came to the Prophet (saw) and said: “I am ruined.” He (saw) said: “What has happened to you?” He said: “I had intercourse with my wife in Ramadan.” He (saw) said: “Can you free a slave?” He said: “No.” He (saw) said: “Can you fast for two consecutive months?” He said: “No.” He (saw) said: “Then can you feed sixty poor people?” He said: “No.” He (saw) said: “Sit down,” and he sat down. Then a large basket (zanbil) containing dates was brought to the Prophet (saw). And an araq is a large measuring basket. He (saw) said: “Take this and give it in charity (Sadaqah).” He said: “Am I to give it to one who is more needy than I?” Hearing this, the Prophet (saw) laughed so much that his teeth became visible. He (saw) said: “Feed it to your family.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6710
Muhammad bin Mahbub narrated to us that Abdul Wahid (bin Ziyad) told us. Ma'mar narrated to us. Ma'mar narrated from Zuhri, Zuhri from Humaid bin Abdur Rahman, Humaid from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra). He said: A man came to the Messenger of Allah (saw) and said: “I am ruined.” He (saw) said: “What has happened to you?” He said: “I had intercourse with my wife in Ramadan.” He (saw) said: “Can you free a slave?” He said: “No.” He (saw) said: “Can you fast for two consecutive months?” He said: “No.” He (saw) said: “Then can you feed sixty poor people?” He said: “No.” (Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra)) used to say: Then a man of the Ansar came with a basket, and a basket (zanbil) is a measure; there were dates in it. He (saw) said: “Take this away and give it in charity (Sadaqah).” He said: “O Messenger of Allah (saw), to one who is more needy than I? By Him Who sent you with the truth, there is no household between the two edges of Medina more needy than we are.” Then he (saw) said: “Go and feed this to your family.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6711
Abdullah bin Maslamah narrated to us that Sufyan (bin Uyainah) told us. He narrated from Zuhri, Zuhri from Humaid, Humaid from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra). He said: A man came to the Prophet (saw) and said: “I am ruined.” He (saw) said: “What has happened to you?” He said: “I had intercourse with my wife in Ramadan.” He (saw) said: “Do you have the means to free a slave?” He said: “No.” He (saw) said: “Then can you fast for two consecutive months?” He said: “No.” He (saw) said: “Then can you feed sixty poor people?” He said: “I do not have the means for that.” Then a basket containing dates was brought to the Prophet (saw). He (saw) said: “Take it and give it in charity (Sadaqah).” He asked: “To one who is more needy than we are? Between the two edges of Medina there is no one more needy than we are.” Then he (saw) said: “Take it and feed this to your family.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6712
Uthman bin Abi Shaibah narrated to us that Qasim bin Malik Muzani told us. Ju'aid bin Abdur Rahman narrated to us. Ju'aid narrated from Hazrat Sa'ib bin Yazid (ra). He said that in the time of the Prophet (saw) the sa' used to be one mudd and a third of a mudd, of that same mudd of yours which is in use today. Then in the time of Umar bin Abdul Aziz this sa' was increased.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6713
قَالَ أَبُو قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ لَنَا مَالِكٌ مُدُّنَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ مُدِّكُمْ وَلاَ نَرَى الْفَضْلَ إِلاَّ فِي مُدِّ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم. وَقَالَ لِي مَالِكٌ لَوْ جَاءَكُمْ أَمِيرٌ فَضَرَبَ مُدًّا أَصْغَرَ مِنْ مُدِّ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِأَىِّ شَىْءٍ كُنْتُمْ تُعْطُونَ قُلْتُ كُنَّا نُعْطِي بِمُدِّ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ أَفَلاَ تَرَى أَنَّ الأَمْرَ إِنَّمَا يَعُودُ إِلَى مُدِّ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم.
Mundhir bin Walid Jarudi narrated to us that Abu Qutaibah told us, and he is Salm (Sha'iri). Malik narrated to us. Malik narrated from Nafi. He said: Hazrat Ibn Umar (ra) used to give the Zakat of Ramadan measured by the mudd of the Prophet (saw), the same mudd that was in use earlier, and also in the expiation of an oath he used to give measured by the mudd of the Prophet (saw). Abu Qutaibah said (with the same chain of narration): Malik told us: Our mudd is bigger than your mudd, and we regard blessing as lying only in the mudd of the Prophet (saw). And Malik said to me: “If a ruler came to you and fixed a mudd smaller than the mudd of the Prophet (saw), by which mudd would you measure?” I said: “We would measure by the mudd of the Prophet (saw).” He said: “Then should we not understand that the real matter depends on the mudd of the Prophet (saw)?”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6714
Abdullah bin Yusuf narrated to us that Malik told us. He narrated from Ishaq bin Abdullah bin Abi Talhah, Ishaq from Hazrat Anas bin Malik (ra), that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “O Allah, bless them in their measure and their sa' and their mudd.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6715
Muhammad bin Abdur Rahim narrated to us that Dawud bin Rushaid told us. Walid bin Muslim narrated to us. Walid narrated from Abu Ghassan Muhammad bin Mutarrif, Abu Ghassan from Zaid bin Aslam, Zaid from Ali bin Husain, Ali from Sa'id bin Marjanah, Sa'id from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra), Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra) from the Prophet (saw). He (saw) said: “Whoever frees a Muslim slave, Allah will free from the Fire one of his limbs in return for each of its limbs, even his private part in return for its private part (He will release from the Fire).”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6716
Abu Nu'man narrated to us that Hammad bin Zaid told us. He narrated from Amr (bin Dinar), Amr from Hazrat Jabir (ra), that a man of the Ansar (said): “My slave will be free after my death,” and he had no property other than him. This news reached the Prophet (saw). He (saw) said: “Who will buy this slave from me?” So Nu'aim bin Nahham bought him for eight hundred dirhams. (Amr bin Dinar used to say:) I heard Hazrat Jabir bin Abdullah (ra). He used to say: He was a Coptic slave who died in the very first year.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6717
Sulaiman bin Harb narrated to us that Shu'bah told us. He narrated from Hakam (bin Utaibah), Hakam from Ibrahim (Nakha'i), Ibrahim from Aswad (bin Yazid), Aswad from Hazrat Aishah (ra), that she wanted to buy Barirah (ra), and her owners put before her the condition of the right of inheritance (Wala). Hazrat Aishah (ra) mentioned this to the Prophet (saw). He (saw) said: “Buy her, for the right of inheritance belongs only to the one who frees.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6718
Qutaibah bin Sa'id narrated to us that Hammad told us. He narrated from Ghailan bin Jarir, Ghailan from Abu Burdah (bin Abi Musa), Abu Burdah from Hazrat Abu Musa Ash'ari (ra). He said: I came to the Messenger of Allah (saw) with a group of Ash'aris to ask him (saw) for mounts. He (saw) said: “By Allah, I shall not give you mounts; I have no mount on which to mount you.” Then we stayed as long as Allah willed. Then some camels were brought, and he (saw) ordered that we be given three camels. When we set off we said to one another: “Allah will never bless us. We came to the Messenger of Allah (saw) to ask for mounts, and he (saw) had sworn that he (saw) would not give us mounts, and now he (saw) has given us mounts.” Hazrat Abu Musa (ra) used to say: (With this thought) we came to the Prophet (saw) and mentioned this to him (saw). He (saw) said: “It is not I who gave you mounts; rather, it is Allah Who gave you mounts. And by Allah, whenever I swear such an oath and then consider something else better than it, I shall, if Allah wills (In sha Allah), certainly pay the expiation for my oath and do that which is better.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6719
Abu Nu'man narrated to us that Hammad told us (the same) and said thus: “then I shall certainly give the expiation for my oath and do that which is better,” or (he said:) “do that which is better and give the expiation.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6720
Ali bin Abdullah narrated to us that Sufyan (bin Uyainah) told us. He narrated from Hisham bin Hujair, Hisham from Tawus. He heard Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra). He used to say that Hazrat Solomon (as) said: “Tonight I shall go round to ninety wives. Each wife will give birth to a boy who will strive (Jihad) in the way of Allah.” Then Hazrat Solomon's (as) companion, Sufyan used to say: that is, the angel, said to him: “Say In sha Allah (if Allah wills).” But he forgot and went to those wives. None of those wives gave birth to a child except one wife, and that too an incomplete child. Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra), narrating this hadith, used to say that he (saw) said: “Had he said In sha Allah, his oath would not have been broken, and that oath would have fulfilled his need.” And sometimes (Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra)) said thus: The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “If Hazrat Solomon (as) had said it, making the exception.” And Abuz Zinad, narrating from A'raj, told us the same as the hadith of Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra).
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6721
تَابَعَهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ الْكُلَيْبِيِّ.
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ وَالْقَاسِمِ التَّمِيمِيِّ عَنْ زَهْدَمٍ بِهَذَا.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ زَهْدَمٍ بِهَذَا.
Ali bin Hujr narrated to us that Isma'il bin Ibrahim told us. He narrated from Ayyub, Ayyub from Qasim Tamimi, Qasim from Zahdam Jarmi. He said: We were with Hazrat Abu Musa (ra), and there was brotherhood and friendly relations between us and this tribe of Jarm. (Zahdam) said: Then food was placed before us. He said: And in that food chicken meat too had been placed. He said: And among those people was a man of the Banu Taimillah, of red complexion, as if he were a slave. He said: He did not come near the food. Hazrat Abu Musa (ra) said to him: “Come forward, for I saw the Messenger of Allah (saw) eat its meat as well.” He said: “I saw it eating something; I felt disgust for it and swore that I would never eat it.” (Hazrat Abu Musa (ra)) said: “Come forward, I shall tell you about this (oath). We came to the Messenger of Allah (saw) with a group of Ash'aris to ask him (saw) for mounts, and at that time he (saw) was distributing some of the camels of charity (Sadaqah).” Ayyub said: I think (Hazrat Abu Musa (ra)) also said: “And at that time he (saw) was displeased. He (saw) said: ‘By Allah, I shall not give you mounts, and I do not even have a mount on which to mount you.’” (Hazrat Abu Musa (ra)) used to say: “(On hearing this) we went away. Then some camels from the spoils came to the Messenger of Allah (saw). It was said: ‘Where are these Ash'ari people? Where are these Ash'ari people?’ We came, and he (saw) ordered that we be given five camels with white humps.” (Hazrat Abu Musa (ra)) used to say: “We took them and set off quickly. I said to my companions: ‘We came to the Messenger of Allah (saw) to ask him (saw) for mounts, and he (saw) had sworn that he (saw) would not give us mounts; then he (saw) sent for us and gave us mounts. The Messenger of Allah (saw) has forgotten his oath. By Allah, if we leave the Messenger of Allah (saw) unaware of his oath, we shall never prosper. Come, let us go back to the Messenger of Allah (saw) and remind him (saw) of his oath.’ So we went back and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah (saw), we came to you to ask you for mounts. You swore that you would not give us mounts; then you have given us these mounts. We thought, or we understood, that you had forgotten your oath.’ He (saw) said: ‘Go on your way, for it is Allah Who has given you mounts. By Allah, whenever I happen to swear such an oath and then consider something else better than it, I shall, if Allah wills (In sha Allah), certainly do that which is better and free myself from that oath by giving the expiation.’” (Like Isma'il,) Hammad bin Zaid also narrated this hadith from Ayyub. Ayyub narrated from Abu Qilabah and Qasim bin Asim Kulaibi. Qutaibah narrated to us that Abdul Wahhab told us. He narrated from Ayyub, Ayyub from Abu Qilabah and Qasim Tamimi, both of them from Zahdam, this same hadith. Abu Ma'mar narrated to us that Abdul Warith told us. Ayyub narrated to us. Ayyub, narrating from Qasim, Qasim from Zahdam, related this same hadith.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 6722
تَابَعَهُ أَشْهَلُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ.
وَتَابَعَهُ يُونُسُ وَسِمَاكُ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ وَسِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَحُمَيْدٌ وَقَتَادَةُ وَمَنْصُورٌ وَهِشَامٌ وَالرَّبِيعُ.
Muhammad bin Abdullah narrated to me that Uthman bin Umar bin Faris told us. Ibn Aun informed us. Ibn Aun narrated from Hasan (Basri), Hasan from Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Samurah (ra). He said: The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Do not ask for authority, for if you are given it without asking, you will be helped in managing it, and if it is given to you on your asking, you will be left to bear its responsibility. And if you happen to swear an oath and then consider something else better than it, do that which is better and give the expiation for your oath.” (Like Uthman bin Umar,) Ashhal (bin Hatim) also narrated this hadith from Ibn Aun. And like them, Yunus, Simak bin Atiyyah, Simak bin Harb, Humaid, Qatadah, Mansur, Hisham and Rabi' also narrated it.
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