Book 57: The Obligation of the One-fifth (Khumus)
Sahih al-Bukhari
Sahih al-Bukhari 3091
Abdan narrated to us that Abdullah (bin Mubarak) informed us. Yunus told us that it is narrated from Zuhri. He said: Ali bin Husain (Imam Zain-ul-Abidin) told me that Husain bin Ali (as) informed him that Hazrat Ali (ra) said that from the spoils of the Battle of Badr a young she-camel fell to my share, and the Prophet (saw) gave me another young she-camel from the one fifth (Khumus). When I wished to bring Hazrat Fatimah (ra), the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (saw), home (at the time of the wedding send-off), I arranged with a goldsmith of the tribe of Banu Qainuqa' to go with me so that the two of us might bring idhkhir grass. My intention was to sell it to the goldsmiths and with its proceeds get help for the wedding feast (Walimah) of my marriage. Meanwhile I was gathering the equipment of my two camels, saddles, bags and ropes, and my two she-camels were made to kneel, hobbled, beside the room of a man of the Ansar. When I had gathered what I had to gather and returned, what do I see but that the humps of my two she-camels had been cut off, and their flanks had been ripped open and their livers taken out. Seeing this I could not control my eyes (I began to weep helplessly). When I saw that sight of them, I said: Who has done this? People said: Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib, and he is in this house, engaged in a drinking party of the Ansar. I went away from there and came to the Prophet (saw). At that time Zaid bin Harithah (ra) was sitting with him (saw). The Prophet (saw) recognised the grief that had befallen me. He (saw) said: “What has happened to you?” I said: O Messenger of Allah (saw), I have never seen a day (of misfortune) like today. Hamzah has wronged my two she-camels. He has cut off their humps and ripped open their flanks, and see, he is in this house. He is drinking wine with them. The Prophet (saw) asked for his sheet, wrapped himself in it and set off, and I and Zaid bin Harithah (ra) followed him (saw), until he (saw) came to the house where Hamzah was and asked permission to enter. They gave him permission. What do they see but that they are drinking wine. Seeing this, the Messenger of Allah (saw) began to reproach Hamzah for the deed he had done. Hamzah was intoxicated and both his eyes were red. Hamzah looked at the Messenger of Allah (saw). Then he raised his eyes and looked at his (saw) knees. Then he raised his eyes and cast a glance at his (saw) navel. Then he raised his eyes and looked at his (saw) face. Then Hamzah said: You (people) are nothing but the slaves of my father. Seeing this state, the Messenger of Allah (saw) understood that he was senseless with intoxication, and the Messenger of Allah (saw) walked backwards out of there, and we too came out with him (saw).
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3092
Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah narrated to us that Ibrahim bin Sa'd told us. He narrated from Salih (bin Kaisan), Salih from Ibn Shihab. He said that Urwah bin Zubair informed me that Hazrat Aishah, the Mother of the Believers (ra), told him that Hazrat Fatimah (as), the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (saw), after the death of the Messenger of Allah (saw), demanded of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (ra) that he give her a share of the inheritance which the Messenger of Allah (saw) had left behind from the Fai' properties. (That is, the properties which Allah granted him (saw) without fighting.)
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3093
So Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) said to her that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “We shall have no heir. Whatever we leave behind is charity (Sadaqah).” At this Hazrat Fatimah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (saw), became displeased and stopped meeting Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra), and kept away from him until she died, and she lived only six months after the Messenger of Allah (saw). Hazrat Aishah (ra) used to say that Fatimah asked Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) for her share of the properties of Khaibar and Fadak and of the charitable endowments of Medina which the Messenger of Allah (saw) had left behind. Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) refused to give her these estates and said: I am not one to leave out anything of what the Messenger of Allah (saw) used to do; rather, I will certainly do it. For I fear that if I leave out anything of his (saw) command, I may stray from the straight path. As for his (saw) charitable properties in Medina, Hazrat Umar (ra) handed them over to Hazrat Ali (ra) and Hazrat Abbas (ra). But the estates that were in Khaibar and Fadak, Hazrat Umar (ra) kept back and said: These are the charitable properties of the Messenger of Allah (saw) which were set apart for expenditure on those obligations of his (saw) which came up for him and the sudden needs which he (saw) had, and the supervision of both of them is entrusted to the one who is his (saw) appointed successor. Zuhri used to say that these two estates are in the same condition to this day. Abu Abdullah (Imam Bukhari (rh)) said: i'tara is the form ifti'al of ara ya'ru. I'taraka means: (some matter) came upon you. Arawtuhu means: this matter came upon me. And from it is ya'ruhu (that is, that matter is before him) and i'tarani (that is, this matter overwhelmed me).
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3094
Ishaq bin Muhammad Farwi narrated to us that Malik bin Anas told us. It is narrated from Ibn Shihab. He narrated from Malik bin Aus bin Hadathan that (Zuhri said:) Muhammad bin Jubair too had mentioned to me some part of this hadith of Malik bin Aus. Then I went myself to Malik bin Aus, and on going to him I asked him about this hadith, and Malik said: It so happened that one day I was sitting with my family. When the day had advanced and the sun had become hot, the messenger of Hazrat Umar bin Khattab (ra) came to me and said: The Commander of the Faithful is calling you, come along. So I went with him until I went in to Hazrat Umar (ra), and what do I see but that he is sitting on a mat spread out. There was no bedding on the mat. He was reclining against a leather cushion. I said to him (ra): Assalamu alaikum (peace be upon you). Then I sat down, and he said: Malik, a few families of your people have come to me, and I have ordered that a little wealth be given to them. Take it and distribute it among them. I said: O Commander of the Faithful, it would be better if you instructed someone other than me to do it. He said: You take it. While I was still sitting with him, his doorkeeper, named Yarfa', came to him and said: Will you meet Hazrat Uthman (ra), Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Auf (ra), Hazrat Zubair (ra) and Hazrat Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (ra)? He said: Yes, and gave them permission. They came in, said Assalamu alaikum and sat down. And Yarfa' had sat (in his place) only a little while when he came and said to (Hazrat Umar (ra)): Will you meet Hazrat Ali (ra) and Hazrat Abbas (ra)? So (Hazrat Umar (ra)) said: Yes, and gave the two of them permission, and they came in, and on coming in they said Assalamu alaikum, and both sat down. Hazrat Abbas (ra) said: Commander of the Faithful, judge between me and him. And there was a dispute between the two of them about the property which Allah had granted to His Messenger (saw) from Banu Nadir as Fai'. So this group too, that is Hazrat Uthman (ra) and his companions, said: Commander of the Faithful, judge between the two of them and relieve each of them of the other. Hazrat Umar (ra) said: Wait a moment. I ask you by Allah, by Whose command the heavens and the earth stand: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “We have no heir; what we leave behind is charity”? By this the Messenger of Allah (saw) meant himself. The group said: He (saw) certainly said so. At this Hazrat Umar (ra) turned towards Hazrat Ali (ra) and Hazrat Abbas (ra) and said: I ask the two of you by Allah: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said so? Both of them said: He (saw) certainly said so. Then Hazrat Umar (ra) said: Now I will speak to you about this matter: Allah had singled out His Messenger (saw) with a special concession in this Fai' which He did not give to anyone else. Then he recited this verse: And whatever Allah has given to His Messenger as spoils from them, you urged neither horse nor camel for that; but Allah grants power to His Messenger over whomsoever He pleases; and Allah has power over all things. (Qur’an 59:7) So these estates were exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (saw), and by Allah, he (saw) did not take anything for himself to your exclusion, nor did he prefer himself over you with regard to these estates. He (saw) gave them to you and spent them openly on your affairs, until this property remained of them. From this estate the Messenger of Allah (saw) used to spend on his household as yearly provision, and whatever remained he would take and add to the wealth of Allah. The Messenger of Allah (saw) acted upon this all his life. I ask you by Allah: do you know this? They said: Yes. Then Hazrat Umar (ra) said to Hazrat Ali (ra) and Hazrat Abbas (ra): I ask the two of you by Allah: do you also know this? (They said: Yes.) Hazrat Umar (ra) said: Then Allah caused His Prophet (saw) to die, and Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) said: I am the successor of the Messenger of Allah (saw), and Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) took these estates into his possession and dealt with them just as the Messenger of Allah (saw) used to do, and Allah knows that in this he was truthful, righteous, rightly guided and a follower of the truth. Then Allah caused Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) to die, and I became the successor of Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra), and for two years of my Khilafat I kept these estates in my possession. I kept dealing with them just as the Messenger of Allah (saw) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) did, and Allah knows that with regard to these estates I was truthful, righteous, rightly guided and a follower of the truth. Then the two of you came to me to speak to me about these estates, and your claim was one and your matter was one. Abbas (ra), you came to me to ask for your share from the property of your nephew, and this Ali (ra) too came to me to obtain the share of his wife, which had come to her from her father. So I said to the two of you that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “We have no heir; what we leave behind is charity.” Then, when I thought it proper to hand over that estate to the two of you, I said: If the two of you wish, I will hand it over to you on the condition that you give a firm undertaking that you will deal with these estates just as the Messenger of Allah (saw) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) did, and as I have dealt with them since I became their trustee. So the two of you said (we accept this condition): hand over those estates to us. I handed these estates over to the two of you on this condition. So I ask all of you by Allah: did I hand over those estates to these two on this condition? The group said: Yes. Then Hazrat Umar (ra) turned towards Hazrat Ali (ra) and Hazrat Abbas (ra) and said: I ask the two of you by Allah: did I hand over these estates to the two of you on this condition? They said: Yes. Then Hazrat Umar (ra) said: Do you seek from me a judgement other than this? By Allah, by Whose command the heavens and the earth stand, I will not give any judgement about them other than this. If the two of you are unable to manage them, then hand them over to me. I will manage them for you.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3095
Abu Nu'man narrated to us that Hammad (bin Zaid) told us that it is narrated from Abu Jamrah Duba'i that he said: I heard Hazrat Ibn Abbas (ra) say that the people of the tribe of Abdul Qais came and said: O Messenger of Allah (saw), we are a branch of the tribe of Rabi'ah. Between us and you live the disbelievers of Mudar. We cannot reach you except in the month of Muharram. So command us something which we ourselves may act upon and to which we may call those who are behind us (in our land). He (saw) said: “I command you to do four things and forbid you four things. (Those I command are these:) to believe in Allah, that is, to bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah,” (saying this) he (saw) folded a finger of his hand (that is, he counted one), “and to establish Prayer (Salat) in congregation, to give the Zakat, to fast in Ramadan, and to set apart one fifth of the spoils of war you obtain for the works of Allah. And I forbid you gourds, vessels of hollowed-out wood, green lacquered jars and pitch-coated vessels (in which wine is prepared).”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3096
Abdullah bin Yusuf narrated to us that Malik informed us. It is narrated from Abuz Zinad. He narrated from A'raj, A'raj from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “My heirs shall not divide (my estate after me). Even if it be a single dinar, whatever I leave behind after the expenses of my wives and the wages of my agent shall be charity (Sadaqah).”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3097
Abdullah bin Abi Shaibah narrated to us that Abu Usamah informed us. Hisham (bin Urwah) told us that it is narrated from his father. He narrated from Hazrat Aishah (ra) that she said: The Messenger of Allah (saw) died, and the state of affairs was that there was nothing in my house that a living creature with a liver could eat, except half a Wasq of barley which was on a shelf. So I kept eating from it until a period of time had passed; then I measured it, and it was used up.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3098
Musaddad narrated to us that Yahya (Qattan) told us that it is narrated from Sufyan (Thauri). He said: Abu Ishaq narrated to me. He said: I heard Hazrat Amr bin Harith (ra) say: The Prophet (saw) left no property (at the time of his death) except his weapons, a white mule and some land. All these things he (saw) left behind as charity.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3099
Hibban bin Musa and Muhammad (bin Muqatil) narrated to us. Both of them said: Abdullah (bin Mubarak) informed us that Ma'mar and Yunus told us that it is narrated from Zuhri. He said: Ubaidullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah bin Mas'ud informed me that Hazrat Aishah (ra), the wife of the Prophet (saw), said that when the Messenger of Allah (saw) became weak with illness and walking became difficult for him (saw), he (saw) asked permission of his wives to be nursed in my house, and his (saw) wives gave him permission for it.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3100
(Sa'id) Ibn Abi Maryam narrated to us that Nafi' told us (he said:) I heard Ibn Abi Mulaikah. He said: Hazrat Aishah (ra) used to say that the Prophet (saw) died in my house and on the day of my turn, between my throat and my chest, and Allah mixed my saliva with his (saw) saliva. She said: Abdur Rahman (ra) came in with a tooth-stick (Miswak). The Prophet (saw) was so weak that he could not use the tooth-stick. I took it, chewed it and made it soft. Then I rubbed it on his (saw) teeth and cleaned his (saw) teeth.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3101
Sa'id bin Ufair narrated to us. He said that Laith told me. He said: Abdur Rahman bin Khalid narrated to me that it is narrated from Ibn Shihab. He narrated from Ali bin Husain (Zain-ul-Abidin) that Hazrat Safiyyah (ra), the wife of the Prophet (saw), informed him that she came to the Messenger of Allah (saw) to visit him (saw) while he (saw) was in seclusion (I'tikaf) in the mosque in the last ten days of Ramadan. Then she got up to go back, and the Messenger of Allah (saw) also got up with her, until, when he (saw) reached near that door of the mosque which was by the door of Hazrat Umm Salamah (ra), the wife of the Prophet (saw), two men of the Ansar (Usaid bin Hudair and Abbad bin Bishr) passed by there and said Assalamu alaikum (peace be upon you) to the Messenger of Allah (saw). Then they quickly went on ahead. So the Messenger of Allah (saw) said to the two of them: “Wait.” Both of them said: Subhanallah (Holy is Allah), O Messenger of Allah (saw). And this weighed heavily on the two of them (that anyone should suspect the Messenger of Allah (saw) of being with a woman who is not a close relative). So the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Satan reaches inside a human being as far as the blood reaches, and I feared lest he cast some evil suggestion into your hearts.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3102
Ibrahim bin Mundhir narrated to us that Anas bin Iyad told us that it is narrated from Ubaidullah (Umari). He narrated from Muhammad bin Yahya bin Habban that it is narrated from Wasi' bin Habban. It is narrated from Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (ra) that he said: I climbed onto the roof of the house of Hazrat Hafsah (ra) and saw that the Prophet (saw) was relieving himself. His (saw) back was towards the Qiblah and his face towards Syria.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3103
Ibrahim bin Mundhir narrated to us that Anas bin Iyad told us. It is narrated from Hisham. He narrated from his father that Hazrat Aishah (ra) said that the Messenger of Allah (saw) used to offer the Asr Prayer at a time when the sunlight had not yet gone out of her room.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3104
Musa bin Isma'il narrated to us that Juwairiyah told us. It is narrated from Nafi'. He narrated from Hazrat Abdullah (bin Umar) (ra) that he said: The Prophet (saw) stood up to deliver a sermon and pointed towards the dwelling of Hazrat Aishah (ra) and said three times: “The trial (Fitnah) will come from this direction, from where the satanic people will come forth.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3105
Abdullah bin Yusuf narrated to us that Malik informed us. It is narrated from Abdullah bin Abi Bakr. He narrated from Amrah bint Abdur Rahman that Hazrat Aishah (ra), the wife of the Prophet (saw), told her that the Messenger of Allah (saw) was with her and she heard the voice of a person asking permission to enter the house of Hazrat Hafsah (ra). I said: O Messenger of Allah (saw), this is a man asking permission to enter your house. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “I think he is so-and-so, the foster uncle of Hafsah (ra). Fosterage (suckling) makes unlawful those relationships which birth makes unlawful.”
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3106
Muhammad bin Abdullah Ansari narrated to us, he said: My father (Abdullah) narrated to me that it is narrated from Thumamah that Hazrat Anas (ra) narrated to us that when Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) became Khalifah, he sent him to Bahrain to collect the Zakat and wrote him a letter of authority and stamped it with the seal of the Prophet (saw). The engraving of the seal was in three lines: Muhammad in one line, Messenger in the second line and Allah in the third line.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3107
Abdullah bin Muhammad (Musnadi) narrated to us that Muhammad bin Abdullah Asadi told us. (He said) that Isa bin Tahman narrated to us, he said: Hazrat Anas (ra) brought out to us two old sandals which had two straps, and then Thabit Bunani told me later that it is narrated from Hazrat Anas (ra) that those sandals were the Prophet's (saw).
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3108
Muhammad bin Bashshar narrated to me that Abdul Wahhab (Thaqafi) told us. (He said:) Ayyub (Sakhtiyani) mentioned to us that Humaid bin Hilal told us. He narrated from Abu Burdah (bin Abi Musa); he related that Hazrat Aishah (ra) brought out to us a patched woollen wrap and said that the Prophet (saw) died in it. And Sulaiman (bin Mughirah), narrating from Humaid, added this much: it is narrated from Hazrat Abu Burdah (ra). He said: Hazrat Aishah (ra) brought out to us a waist-wrapper of coarse cloth that is made in Yemen and a blanket of the kind of blankets which you call mulabbad.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3109
Abdan narrated to us that it is narrated from Abu Hamzah. He narrated from Asim that it is narrated from Ibn Sirin that he narrated from Hazrat Anas bin Malik (ra) that the drinking bowl of the Prophet (saw) broke, and he (saw) joined it where it had broken with a chain of silver. Asim said: I have seen that bowl and drunk water from it.
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Sahih al-Bukhari 3110
Sa'id bin Muhammad Jarmi narrated to us that Ya'qub bin Ibrahim told us (he said) that my father narrated to me that Walid bin Kathir told him that Muhammad bin Amr bin Halhalah Daili told him that Ibn Shihab (Zuhri) narrated to him that Ali bin Husain (Zain-ul-Abidin) told him that when they came to Medina from Yazid bin Mu'awiyah at the time of the killing of Hazrat Husain bin Ali (rh), Miswar bin Makhramah met him and said to him: If you have any need of me, tell me (I will fulfil it). I said to him: I have no need. Then Miswar said (to him): Will you give me the sword of the Messenger of Allah (saw)? For I fear that these people may take it from you by force, and by Allah, if you give it to me, it will never reach them until my life departs. Hazrat Ali bin Abi Talib (ra) had sent a proposal of marriage to the daughter of Abu Jahl while Hazrat Fatimah (as) was with him. I heard the Messenger of Allah (saw) addressing the people about this, standing on this pulpit of his, and in those days I was a young man. He (saw) said: “Fatimah (ra) is a part of my body, and I fear lest she fall into some trial concerning her religion.” Then he (saw) mentioned a son-in-law of his (As bin Rabi'ah), who was of the family of Banu Abd Shams, and praised him for having fulfilled the duty of a son-in-law well. He (saw) said: “He spoke to me and was truthful, and he fulfilled the promise he made to me, and I do not declare anything lawful to be unlawful, nor the unlawful lawful. But by Allah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (saw) and the daughter of the enemy of Allah shall never be together.”
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